A solar panel, also known as a photovoltaic (PV) panel, is a device that converts sunlight into electricity. It consists of many solar cells made from semiconductor materials, typically silicon. When sunlight hits these cells, it generates an electric current through the photovoltaic effect. Solar panels are used in various applications, from small-scale residential systems to large-scale solar farms, to provide renewable and sustainable energy, reduce carbon emissions, and decrease reliance on fossil fuels. They are a key component in the transition to cleaner energy sources.