FRC (Field Reversed Configuration) fusion is a method of achieving nuclear fusion that uses a reversed magnetic field structure to confine plasma. Unlike the tokamak or stellarator, which utilize toroidal magnetic fields, FRC uses a self-generated reversed magnetic field for confinement.

Mechanism

In FRC fusion, plasma is confined by a combination of an external magnetic field and a reversed magnetic field (opposite direction magnetic field) generated by the plasma’s own current. This reversed magnetic field helps confine the edges of the plasma, allowing the plasma to maintain a high-temperature, high-density state at the center. This configuration allows plasma to be stably confined in a compact structure.

Characteristics

• Compact Design: FRC has the potential to perform well in a relatively small size compared to tokamaks and stellarators, and its compact nature makes it an attractive option for commercialization.
• Simpler Structure: FRC devices are simpler to design and do not require strong external magnetic fields, which could be more cost-effective compared to other fusion approaches.

Challenges

• Plasma Stability: The primary challenge for FRC is maintaining plasma stability over extended periods. Ensuring that the plasma can maintain self-confinement while sustaining high temperatures is difficult, and this remains a significant technical hurdle.
• Achieving High Energy Output: To make FRC viable for commercial energy production, further research is needed to improve the energy output and efficiency of FRC devices.