Thermal Runaway is a phenomenon in electrical devices such as electrochemical cells or batteries where abnormal heat generation occurs internally, leading to uncontrollable escalation of temperatures.

This typically happens when cells or batteries are subjected to excessive stress such as overcharging, over-discharging, short circuits, or excessive temperature rises.

When thermal runaway occurs, temperatures within the cell or battery rise rapidly, causing damage to surrounding materials or structures and increasing the risk of explosion or fire.

Thermal runaway is particularly common in battery technologies with high energy densities, such as lithium-ion batteries.

Therefore, it is crucial to avoid overcharging or over-discharging and operate within safe temperature ranges when designing, managing, and using batteries.