Pre-doping refers to the process of doping, or introducing impurities, into electrode materials.

It is commonly used in battery technologies such as lithium-ion batteries.

Pre-doping involves introducing active substances such as lithium into electrode materials prior to the initial charging of the battery.

This facilitates the diffusion of lithium ions during the initial charge, leading to improved initial capacity and stability.

As a result, it enhances the performance of the battery.